๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
Retinoid therapies
Retinoid therapies
Topical retinoids are used in a variety of conditions including acne, solar lentigines, melasma, and PIH. Topical tretinoin can be used as a monotherapy or as part of a triplecombination therapy (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, HQ 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) to treat melasma. Tretinoin can be used in monotherapy by the mechanism of depigmentation through dispersion of keratinocyte pigment granules along with interference of pigment transfer and accelerated epidermal turnover.25 One study showed significant clinical improvement of melasma using topical 0.1% tretinoin as a monotherapy.26 As part of the triple-combination therapy, it also improves HQ penetration through the stratum corneum and protects it from oxidation.27 Adverse reactions from topical retinoid therapy include pruritus, erythema, peeling, and burning.