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Deontological approaches
Deontological approaches
Deontological, or rules-based, ethical approaches are another prism through which ethical action may be viewed.32,33 Kantโs categorical imperative aims to simplify and codify ethical action, by stating that one should never act except in such a way that they would wish the maxim driving their actions to become universal. His approach has also been outlined as the unacceptability of treating others as a means alone. This obligationoriented approach is fundamentally different from the utilitarian approach, where the outcomes of the action govern its ethical legitimacy; for the Kantian, the motives of the action decide on its ethical grounding.
Another deontological approach is the divine command theoryโthe idea that while adherence to rules and obligations indeed determine the rightness of an action, the source of such obligations is not a rational actorโs decision, but divine law. Thus religiously rooted ethical frameworks represent a form of deontological ethics; the rightness and morality of an action are determined by whether it was ordered by God.